Conjunctivitis, commonly called pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelid. It can affect one or both eyes and is caused by infections, allergies, or irritants. While some cases are mild and resolve on their own, others require medical treatment. Recognizing symptoms early and taking precautions can help prevent complications and reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
Causes of Conjunctivitis
Several factors can lead to conjunctivitis, with the most common being viral or bacterial infections. Viral conjunctivitis is often linked to colds or respiratory infections and spreads easily through contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus and can lead to thick eye discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs due to exposure to allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander. Chemical conjunctivitis results from irritants such as smoke, pollution, or strong fumes, causing redness and discomfort.
Common conjunctivitis symptoms
The symptoms of conjunctivitis vary depending on the cause but generally include redness, swelling, excessive tearing, and irritation. Viral often produces watery discharge and may spread from one eye to the other. Bacterial causes a sticky yellow or green discharge that can make the eyelids crusty, especially in the morning. Allergic conjunctivitis leads to severe itching, watery eyes, and swollen eyelids. Chemical results in burning, redness, and excessive tearing, which improves once the irritant is removed.
People with may also experience light sensitivity and a gritty sensation in the eye. Although the condition is usually not serious, symptoms lasting more than two weeks or worsening over time should be evaluated by an eye care professional.
How Conjunctivitis Spreads
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are highly contagious. They spread through direct contact with an infected person’s eye secretions, contaminated objects like towels and makeup, or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. In crowded places like schools and offices, infections can spread quickly if proper hygiene is not maintained.
Allergic is not contagious and occurs only when the eyes come into contact with allergens. Similarly, chemical does not spread from person to person and results from environmental exposure.
Preventing the Spread of Conjunctivitis
Proper hygiene is essential to control the spread of conjunctivitis. Washing hands regularly, avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, and disinfecting commonly touched surfaces can help prevent infections. People with should avoid sharing personal items like towels, pillowcases, and eye makeup. Contact lens users should switch to glasses until the infection clears to prevent further irritation.
For allergic , identifying and avoiding allergens can help reduce symptoms. Those exposed to chemicals or pollutants should rinse their eyes immediately with clean water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Treatment and Home Remedies
Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Viral usually clears up on its own within one to two weeks. Bacterial requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments, which help reduce symptoms and prevent complications. Allergic is managed with antihistamine eye drops and avoiding allergens. Chemical improves once the irritant is removed, but severe cases may require medical care.
To relieve symptoms, applying a warm or cool compress to the eyes can reduce discomfort and swelling. Artificial tears help with dryness and irritation, while regular eyelid cleaning removes discharge. It is also important to rest the eyes and avoid bright light during recovery.
When to See a Doctor
Although many cases of are mild, medical attention is necessary if symptoms worsen or do not improve after a week. Severe pain, vision problems, extreme light sensitivity, or pus-like discharge may indicate a more serious eye condition. People with weakened immune systems or pre-existing eye conditions should consult a doctor promptly to prevent complications.
